Surah Al-Rad: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Quran]]

[[Category:Surahs]]

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The Thunder

==Introduction==

===Name of Chapter and Reason for its Name

===Name of Chapter and Reason for its Name===

This chapter is named Surah Al-Rad, which means ‘The Thunder’ and this word is mentioned in verse 13 where Allah says: “The thunder celebrates His praise.”

===Chapter Number===

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===Place of Revelation===

There is a difference of opinion amongst the exegetes concerning where this chapter was revealed. Some believe it to have been revealed in Medina, <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":6">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Page 419</ref> while others believe it to have been revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":7">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Page 285</ref> Amongst those who believe the chapter to have been revealed in Mecca, say that its last verse is not a Makki one. Yet another group of scholars believe that the whole chapter was revealed in Medina except for verses 31 and 32. <ref name=":6" />

==Content==

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These verses discuss those who accept some parts of the Quran yet deny other parts, and also discuss the fact that Allah is the Manager of all affairs and any sort of deceit directed towards Him will lead to nothing. The chapter ends with a discussion directed to those who deny the Prophethood with the assertion that Allah is a witness to the truth of Prophethood. <ref name=":28">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Pages 400-407</ref> <ref name=":29">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Pages 532-535</ref> <ref name=":30">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Pages 454-461</ref> <ref name=":31">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Pages 370-382</ref>

==Discussions on this Chapter==

===According to the Sunni Traditions===

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عَنْ سَعِیدِ بْنِ الْمُسَیبِ قَالَ: لَمَّا نزلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآیة وَ إِنَّ رَبَّک لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاسِ عَلی ظلْمِهِمْ الْآیةَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ: «لَوْلا عَفْوُ اللَّهِ وَ تَجَاوُزهِ مَا هَنَّأَ أَحَداً الْعَیش، وَ لَولَا وَعِیده وَ عِقَابهُ لَا تَکل کلّ أَحَدٍ» وَ رَوَی الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاکر فِی تَرْجَمَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَان أَبِی حَسَّان الزِّیادِی أَنَّهُ رَأَی رَبّ الْعِزَّة فِی النَّوْمِ، وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ وَاقِفُ بَینَ یدَیهِ یشَفَّعُ فِی رَجُلٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَلَمَ یکفِک أَنِّی أَنْزَلْتُ عَلَیک فِی سُورَةِ الرَّعْدِ وَ إِنَّ رَبَّک لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاس عَلی ظُلْمِهِمْ قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْتَبَهت.

It has been narrated from Saeed ibn al-Musayb who said, “When this verse was revealed, ‘Indeed your Lord is forgiving to mankind despite their wrongdoing,’ the Messenger of Allah said: ‘If it was not for the forgiveness of Allah and His disregard, then life would not delight anyone; and if it was not for His threat and punishment, then everyone would rely upon life.’”

Al-Haafiz ibn Asakir has narrated in the biography of Hasan ibn Uthman, the father of Hassaan al-Ziyaadi that he saw Allah, the Lord of Honour, during his sleep and that the Messenger of Allah was standing in front of Him interceding on behalf of a man from amongst his people. Allah said to him, “Is it not enough for you that I revealed in Surah al-Rad that, ‘Indeed your Lord is forgiving to mankind despite their wrongdoing,’ at which point the Prophet became conscious of this fact.” <ref name=":32">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Page 372</ref>

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Verse 8: “Allah knows what every female carries [in her womb], and what the wombs reduce and what they increase, and everything is by [precise] measure with Him.”

اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَحْمِلُ كُلُّ أُنْثَى وَمَا تَغِيضُ الْأَرْحَامُ وَمَا تَزْدَادُ وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَهُ بِمِقْدَارٍ٨

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حَدَّثَنِی مَنْصُور عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِی الْجَعْدِ عَنْ أَبِیهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ: «مَا مِنْکمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ وکل بِهِ قَرِینهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ قَرِینه مِنَ الْمَلَائِکةِ» قالُوا: وَ إِیاک یا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَ إِیای، وَ لَکنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَانَنِی عَلَیهِ، فَلَا یأْمُرنِی إِلَّا بِخَیرٍ»

Mansoor related to me from Saalim ibn Abu al-Jad, from his father, from Abdullah who said that the Messenger of Allah said: “Verily, every one among you has his companion from the jinn and his companion from the angels.” They asked him: “And you too, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Me too, except that Allah has helped me against him, so he only orders me to do good.” <ref name=":33">Ibid., Page 377</ref>

عَنْ عُمَیرِ بْن عَبْدِ الْمَلِک قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا عَلِی بْنُ أَبِی طَالِبٍ عَلَی مِنْبَرِ الْکوفَةِ قَالَ: کنْتُ إِذَا أَمْسَکت عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ ابْتَدَأَنِی، وَ إِذَا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ أَنْبَأَنِی، وَ إِنَّهُ حَدَّثَنِی عَنْ رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَالَ: «قَالَ الرَّبّ: وَ عِزَّتِی وَ جَلَالِی وَ ارْتِفَاعِی فَوْقَ عَرْشِی، مَا مِنْ قَرْیةٍ وَ لَا أَهْلِ بَیتٍ کانُوا عَلَی مَا کرِهْتُ مِنْ مَعْصِیتِی ثمَّ تَحَوَّلُوا عَنْهَا إِلَی مَا أَحببت مِنَ طَاعَتِی، إِلَّا تَحَوَّلْتُ لَهُمْ عَمَّا یکرَهُونَ مِنْ عَذَابِی إِلَی مَا یحِبُّونَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِی».

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عَنِ النَّبِی صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ کانَ یأْتِی قُبُور الشُّهَدَاء عَلَی رَأْسِ کلِّ حَوْل فَیقُولُ «السَّلَامُ عَلَیکمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَی الدَّارِ»

It has been narrated about the Prophet that he would visit the graves of the martyrs at the beginning of every year and would say: “May peace be upon you for that which you have had patience over, how excellent is the reward of the ultimate abode!” <ref name=":36">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Page 527)

It has been narrated about the Prophet that he would visit the graves of the martyrs at the beginning of every year and would say: “May peace be upon you for that which you have had patience over, how excellent is the reward of the ultimate abode!” <ref name=":36">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Page 527</ref>

عَبْد اللَّهِ بْن عَمْرٍو عَن النَّبِی صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ قَالَ: «أَوَّلُ ثُلَّة یدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ فُقَرَاء الْمُهَاجِرِینَ الَّذِینَ تُتَّقَی بِهِمْ الْمَکارِه، وَ إِذَا أُمِرُوا سَمِعُوا وَ أَطَاعُوا، وَ إِنْ کانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ حَاجَة إِلَی سُلْطَان لَمْ تُقْضَ حَتَّی یمُوتَ وَ هِی فِی صَدْرِهِ، وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ یدْعُو یوْمَ الْقِیامَةِ الْجَنَّة فَتَأْتِی بزخرفها وَ زینت‌ها، فَیقُولُ: أَینَ عِبادِی الَّذِینَ قاتلوا فِی سَبِیلِی، وَ أُوذُوا فِی سَبِیلِی، وَ جاهدُوا فِی سَبِیلِی؟ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِغَیرِ عَذَاب وَ لَا حِسَاب. وَ تَأْتِی الْمَلَائِکةُ فیسجدون وَ یقُولُونَ: رَبنا نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِک اللَّیل وَ النَّهَار، وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَک مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِینَ آثَرْتهُمْ عَلَینَا؟ فَیقُولُ الرَّبُّ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: هَؤُلَاءِ عِبادِی الَّذِینَ جَاهدُوا فِی سَبِیلِی، وَ أُوذُوا فِی سَبِیلِی، فَتدْخل عَلَیهِمُ الْمَلَائِکةُ مِنْ کلِّ بابٍ: سَلام عَلَیکمْ بِما صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَی الدَّارِ

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وَ رَوَی الْبُخَارِی وَ مُسْلِم جَمِیعاً عَنْ إِسْحَاق بْنِ رَاهَوَیه، عَنْ مُغیرَة الْمَخْزُومِی عَنْ وُهَیب عَنْ أَبِی حَازِم، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْد رَضِی اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ فِی الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَة یسِیرُ الرَّاکبُ فِی ظلّ‌ها مِائَةَ عَامٍ لَا یقْطَعُهَا»

Al-Bukhari and Muslim have both narrated from Ishaq ibn Rahavai, from Mughayrah al-Makhzumi, from Wuhaib, from Abu Haazim, from Sahl ibn Sad that the Prophet said: “There is a tree in heaven that if a rider travelled under its shadow for a hundred years, he would not reach the end of it.” <ref name=":37">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Page 392</ref>

===According to the Shia Traditions===

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==References==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category:Quran]]
 [[Category:Surahs]]
@@ Line 5: / Line 4: @@
 The Thunder
 ==Introduction==
-===Name of Chapter and Reason for its Name
+===Name of Chapter and Reason for its Name===
 This chapter is named Surah Al-Rad, which means ‘The Thunder’ and this word is mentioned in verse 13 where Allah says: “The thunder celebrates His praise.”
 ===Chapter Number===
@@ Line 14: / Line 13: @@
 ===Place of Revelation===
 There is a difference of opinion amongst the exegetes concerning where this chapter was revealed. Some believe it to have been revealed in Medina, <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":6">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Page 419</ref> while others believe it to have been revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":7">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Page 285</ref> Amongst those who believe the chapter to have been revealed in Mecca, say that its last verse is not a Makki one. Yet another group of scholars believe that the whole chapter was revealed in Medina except for verses 31 and 32. <ref name=":6" />
 ==Content==
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 These verses discuss those who accept some parts of the Quran yet deny other parts, and also discuss the fact that Allah is the Manager of all affairs and any sort of deceit directed towards Him will lead to nothing. The chapter ends with a discussion directed to those who deny the Prophethood with the assertion that Allah is a witness to the truth of Prophethood. <ref name=":28">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Pages 400-407</ref> <ref name=":29">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Pages 532-535</ref> <ref name=":30">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Pages 454-461</ref> <ref name=":31">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Pages 370-382</ref>
 ==Discussions on this Chapter==
 ===According to the Sunni Traditions===
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">عَنْ سَعِیدِ بْنِ الْمُسَیبِ قَالَ: لَمَّا نزلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآیة وَ إِنَّ رَبَّک لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاسِ عَلی ظلْمِهِمْ الْآیةَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ: «لَوْلا عَفْوُ اللَّهِ وَ تَجَاوُزهِ مَا هَنَّأَ أَحَداً الْعَیش، وَ لَولَا وَعِیده وَ عِقَابهُ لَا تَکل کلّ أَحَدٍ» وَ رَوَی الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاکر فِی تَرْجَمَةِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَان أَبِی حَسَّان الزِّیادِی أَنَّهُ رَأَی رَبّ الْعِزَّة فِی النَّوْمِ، وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ وَاقِفُ بَینَ یدَیهِ یشَفَّعُ فِی رَجُلٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَلَمَ یکفِک أَنِّی أَنْزَلْتُ عَلَیک فِی سُورَةِ الرَّعْدِ وَ إِنَّ رَبَّک لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاس عَلی ظُلْمِهِمْ قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْتَبَهت. </span>
 It has been narrated from Saeed ibn al-Musayb who said, “When this verse was revealed, ‘Indeed your Lord is forgiving to mankind despite their wrongdoing,’ the Messenger of Allah said: ‘If it was not for the forgiveness of Allah and His disregard, then life would not delight anyone; and if it was not for His threat and punishment, then everyone would rely upon life.’”
 Al-Haafiz ibn Asakir has narrated in the biography of Hasan ibn Uthman, the father of Hassaan al-Ziyaadi that he saw Allah, the Lord of Honour, during his sleep and that the Messenger of Allah was standing in front of Him interceding on behalf of a man from amongst his people. Allah said to him, “Is it not enough for you that I revealed in Surah al-Rad that, ‘Indeed your Lord is forgiving to mankind despite their wrongdoing,’ at which point the Prophet became conscious of this fact.” <ref name=":32">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Page 372</ref>
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 Verse 8: “Allah knows what every female carries [in her womb], and what the wombs reduce and what they increase, and everything is by [precise] measure with Him.”
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَحْمِلُ كُلُّ أُنْثَى وَمَا تَغِيضُ الْأَرْحَامُ وَمَا تَزْدَادُ  وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَهُ بِمِقْدَارٍ٨</span>
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">حَدَّثَنِی مَنْصُور عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِی الْجَعْدِ عَنْ أَبِیهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ: «مَا مِنْکمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ وکل بِهِ قَرِینهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ قَرِینه مِنَ الْمَلَائِکةِ» قالُوا: وَ إِیاک یا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَ إِیای، وَ لَکنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَانَنِی عَلَیهِ، فَلَا یأْمُرنِی إِلَّا بِخَیرٍ»</span>
 Mansoor related to me from Saalim ibn Abu al-Jad, from his father, from Abdullah who said that the Messenger of Allah said: “Verily, every one among you has his companion from the jinn and his companion from the angels.” They asked him: “And you too, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Me too, except that Allah has helped me against him, so he only orders me to do good.” <ref name=":33">Ibid., Page 377</ref>
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">عَنْ عُمَیرِ بْن عَبْدِ الْمَلِک قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا عَلِی بْنُ أَبِی طَالِبٍ عَلَی مِنْبَرِ الْکوفَةِ قَالَ: کنْتُ إِذَا أَمْسَکت عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ ابْتَدَأَنِی، وَ إِذَا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ أَنْبَأَنِی، وَ إِنَّهُ حَدَّثَنِی عَنْ رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَالَ: «قَالَ الرَّبّ: وَ عِزَّتِی وَ جَلَالِی وَ ارْتِفَاعِی فَوْقَ عَرْشِی، مَا مِنْ قَرْیةٍ وَ لَا أَهْلِ بَیتٍ کانُوا عَلَی مَا کرِهْتُ مِنْ مَعْصِیتِی ثمَّ تَحَوَّلُوا عَنْهَا إِلَی مَا أَحببت مِنَ طَاعَتِی، إِلَّا تَحَوَّلْتُ لَهُمْ عَمَّا یکرَهُونَ مِنْ عَذَابِی إِلَی مَا یحِبُّونَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِی». </span>
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">عَنِ النَّبِی صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ کانَ یأْتِی قُبُور الشُّهَدَاء عَلَی رَأْسِ کلِّ حَوْل فَیقُولُ «السَّلَامُ عَلَیکمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَی الدَّارِ» </span>
-It has been narrated about the Prophet that he would visit the graves of the martyrs at the beginning of every year and would say: “May peace be upon you for that which you have had patience over, how excellent is the reward of the ultimate abode!” <ref name=":36">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Page 527)
+It has been narrated about the Prophet that he would visit the graves of the martyrs at the beginning of every year and would say: “May peace be upon you for that which you have had patience over, how excellent is the reward of the ultimate abode!” <ref name=":36">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Page 527</ref>
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">عَبْد اللَّهِ بْن عَمْرٍو عَن النَّبِی صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ قَالَ: «أَوَّلُ ثُلَّة یدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ فُقَرَاء الْمُهَاجِرِینَ الَّذِینَ تُتَّقَی بِهِمْ الْمَکارِه، وَ إِذَا أُمِرُوا سَمِعُوا وَ أَطَاعُوا، وَ إِنْ کانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ حَاجَة إِلَی سُلْطَان لَمْ تُقْضَ حَتَّی یمُوتَ وَ هِی فِی صَدْرِهِ، وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ یدْعُو یوْمَ الْقِیامَةِ الْجَنَّة فَتَأْتِی بزخرفها وَ زینت‌ها، فَیقُولُ: أَینَ عِبادِی الَّذِینَ قاتلوا فِی سَبِیلِی، وَ أُوذُوا فِی سَبِیلِی، وَ جاهدُوا فِی سَبِیلِی؟ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِغَیرِ عَذَاب وَ لَا حِسَاب. وَ تَأْتِی الْمَلَائِکةُ فیسجدون وَ یقُولُونَ: رَبنا نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِک اللَّیل وَ النَّهَار، وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَک مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِینَ آثَرْتهُمْ عَلَینَا؟ فَیقُولُ الرَّبُّ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: هَؤُلَاءِ عِبادِی الَّذِینَ جَاهدُوا فِی سَبِیلِی، وَ أُوذُوا فِی سَبِیلِی، فَتدْخل عَلَیهِمُ الْمَلَائِکةُ مِنْ کلِّ بابٍ: سَلام عَلَیکمْ بِما صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَی الدَّارِ</span>
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 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">وَ رَوَی الْبُخَارِی وَ مُسْلِم جَمِیعاً عَنْ إِسْحَاق بْنِ رَاهَوَیه، عَنْ مُغیرَة الْمَخْزُومِی عَنْ وُهَیب عَنْ أَبِی حَازِم، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْد رَضِی اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَ سَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ فِی الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَة یسِیرُ الرَّاکبُ فِی ظلّ‌ها مِائَةَ عَامٍ لَا یقْطَعُهَا» </span>
 Al-Bukhari and Muslim have both narrated from Ishaq ibn Rahavai, from Mughayrah al-Makhzumi, from Wuhaib, from Abu Haazim, from Sahl ibn Sad that the Prophet said: “There is a tree in heaven that if a rider travelled under its shadow for a hundred years, he would not reach the end of it.” <ref name=":37">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Page 392</ref>
 ===According to the Shia Traditions===
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 ==References==
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