Surah Al-Bayinnah: Difference between revisions
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===Number of Verses=== | ===Number of Verses=== | ||
There is a difference of opinion in the number of verses for this chapter. The Basris believe it to be 9 verses, while everyone else says that it is 8. The reason for this is that the Basri School considers “مُخْلِصِینَ لَهُ الدِّینَ” to be a separate verse. <ref name=":2">Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 791</ref> | There is a difference of opinion in the number of verses for this chapter. The Basris believe it to be 9 verses, while everyone else says that it is 8. The reason for this is that the Basri School considers <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">“مُخْلِصِینَ لَهُ الدِّینَ”</span> to be a separate verse. <ref name=":2">Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 791</ref> | ||
===Place of Revelation=== | ===Place of Revelation=== | ||
Exegetes have disagreed on whether this chapter was revealed in Mecca or Medina. Zamakhshari says that “this chapter was revealed in Mecca, but some believe that it was in Medina.” <ref name=":3">Zamakhshari, Volume 4, Page 781</ref> | Exegetes have disagreed on whether this chapter was revealed in Mecca or Medina. Zamakhshari says that “this chapter was revealed in Mecca, but some believe that it was in Medina.” <ref name=":3">Zamakhshari, Volume 4, Page 781</ref> | ||
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==Content== | ==Content== | ||
===Important Concepts in this Chapter=== | ===Important Concepts in this Chapter=== | ||
====Verses 1-4==== | ====Verses 1-4==== | ||
The chapter begins by pointing towards the illuminating and apparent proofs delivered by Allah to the monotheistic-disbelievers (of the book) and the polytheists. These proofs consist of the Divine writings present in the holy books sent down to the disbelievers and polytheists through the Prophets - as it is Allah’s tradition to completely deliver the entire truth, leaving no room for argument, to all of mankind. | The chapter begins by pointing towards the illuminating and apparent proofs delivered by Allah to the monotheistic-disbelievers (of the book) and the polytheists. These proofs consist of the Divine writings present in the holy books sent down to the disbelievers and polytheists through the Prophets - as it is Allah’s tradition to completely deliver the entire truth, leaving no room for argument, to all of mankind. | ||
Despite this, the disbelievers and polytheists remained adamant on their chosen paths, and did not bring faith. <ref name=":7">Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Volume 4, Page 781</ref> <ref name=":8">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 435</ref> <ref name=":9">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 791</ref> <ref name=":10">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qura, Volume 20, Page 336</ref> | Despite this, the disbelievers and polytheists remained adamant on their chosen paths, and did not bring faith. <ref name=":7">Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Volume 4, Page 781</ref> <ref name=":8">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 435</ref> <ref name=":9">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 791</ref> <ref name=":10">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qura, Volume 20, Page 336</ref> | ||
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The monotheistic-disbelievers (of the book) and the polytheists said: “We will not abandon our faith until the Prophet who is promised in the Torah and Bible is sent to us.” <ref name=":14" /> | The monotheistic-disbelievers (of the book) and the polytheists said: “We will not abandon our faith until the Prophet who is promised in the Torah and Bible is sent to us.” <ref name=":14" /> | ||
These disbelievers will not be abandoned (by Allah) until the truth has been made clear to them and the bayyinah - which is the Prophet and the Holy Quran - is sent their way. <ref name=":12" /> <ref name=":13" /> | These disbelievers will not be abandoned (by Allah) until the truth has been made clear to them and the bayyinah - which is the Prophet and the Holy Quran - is sent their way. <ref name=":12" /> <ref name=":13" /> | ||
The verse’s tone aims to uphold an argument for Islam against the disbelievers. Over here, the disbelievers include both those of the book and the polytheists. Therefore, the term min - من in the sentence مِنْ أَهْلِ الْکتابِ is used to denote a portion of the disbelievers (تبعیضیه), not clarification (تبیینیه). Furthermore, the term الْمُشْرِکینَ has been conjoined to it and is referring to all of the polytheists including the idol worshippers. | The verse’s tone aims to uphold an argument for Islam against the disbelievers. Over here, the disbelievers include both those of the book and the polytheists. Therefore, the term min - <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">من</span> in the sentence <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مِنْ أَهْلِ الْکتابِ</span> is used to denote a portion of the disbelievers (<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تبعیضیه</span>), not clarification (<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تبیینیه</span>). Furthermore, the term <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الْمُشْرِکینَ</span> has been conjoined to it and is referring to all of the polytheists including the idol worshippers. | ||
The upholding of proof is a continuous divine tradition which includes all of Allah’s subjects. <ref name=":18">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 20, Page 336</ref> | The upholding of proof is a continuous divine tradition which includes all of Allah’s subjects. <ref name=":18">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 20, Page 336</ref> | ||
Verse 2: “A messenger from Allah, rehearsing scriptures kept pure and holy.” | |||
Verse 2: “A messenger from Allah, rehearsing scriptures kept pure and holy.” | |||
<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">رَسُولٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ يَتْلُو صُحُفًا مُطَهَّرَةً٢</span> | <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">رَسُولٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ يَتْلُو صُحُفًا مُطَهَّرَةً٢</span> | ||
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<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ٤</span> | <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ٤</span> | ||
Earlier on in the first verse, both the monotheistic-disbelievers (believers of the book) and polytheists were grouped together. However, the sentence الَّذِینَ أُوتُوا الْکتابَ (the People of the Book) in this verse confines the addressed ones to the believers of the book. It states how despite them receiving clear instructions to accept the upright faith in their respective scriptures, they still rejected it. <ref name=":14" /> <ref name=":12" /> | Earlier on in the first verse, both the monotheistic-disbelievers (believers of the book) and polytheists were grouped together. However, the sentence <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الَّذِینَ أُوتُوا الْکتابَ</span> (the People of the Book) in this verse confines the addressed ones to the believers of the book. It states how despite them receiving clear instructions to accept the upright faith in their respective scriptures, they still rejected it. <ref name=":14" /> <ref name=":12" /> | ||
Conversely, the sentence وَ ما تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِینَ أُوتُوا الْکتابَ (And those who were given the book did not divide) includes the polytheists, alongside the believers of the book since the holy scriptures have been revealed to all of mankind. <ref name=":13" /> <ref name=":20">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 20, Page 339</ref> | Conversely, the sentence <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَ ما تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِینَ أُوتُوا الْکتابَ</span> (And those who were given the book did not divide) includes the polytheists, alongside the believers of the book since the holy scriptures have been revealed to all of mankind. <ref name=":13" /> <ref name=":20">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 20, Page 339</ref> | ||
==Discussions on this Chapter== | ==Discussions on this Chapter== | ||
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<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ٤</span> | <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ٤</span> | ||
کما جاء فی الحدیث المروی من طرق: < | <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">کما جاء فی الحدیث المروی من طرق:</span> | ||
<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">إن الیهود اختلفوا علی إحدی و سبعین فرقة، و إن النصاری اختلفوا علی ثنتین و سبعین فرقة، و ستفترق هذه الأمة علی ثلاث و سبعین فرقة کلها فی النار إلا واحدة» قالوا: من هم یا رسول اللّه؟ قال:</span> | |||
<span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">ما أنا علیه و أصحابی»</span> | |||
Ibn Kathir reports this tradition from the Prophet of Allah that: “Surely the Jews divided into 71 sects, the Christians divided into 72 sects, and this nation (ummah) will divide into 73 sects. All of them will be in the hell-fire except for 1.” The people asked: “Who are the ones [who will not be in hell], O Prophet of Allah??” He replied: “Whatever [sect] my companions and I are in.” This narration is recorded by Abu Dawood in his book Al-Sunnah section 1; Al-Tirmidhi in Al-Imaan section 18; Ibn Majah in Al-Fitan section 17; and Ahmad in Al-Musnad in volume 2, page 332, volume 3, page 120, and page 145. <ref name=":35">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 438</ref> | Ibn Kathir reports this tradition from the Prophet of Allah that: “Surely the Jews divided into 71 sects, the Christians divided into 72 sects, and this nation (ummah) will divide into 73 sects. All of them will be in the hell-fire except for 1.” The people asked: “Who are the ones [who will not be in hell], O Prophet of Allah??” He replied: “Whatever [sect] my companions and I are in.” This narration is recorded by Abu Dawood in his book Al-Sunnah section 1; Al-Tirmidhi in Al-Imaan section 18; Ibn Majah in Al-Fitan section 17; and Ahmad in Al-Musnad in volume 2, page 332, volume 3, page 120, and page 145. <ref name=":35">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 438</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||