Surah Al-Masad: Difference between revisions

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This chapter has been revealed about Abu Lahab and his wife. It reprimands them for their enmity towards the Prophet, their refusal to accept his message and Prophethood, and their constant efforts to persecute him. Moreover, this chapter promises eternal damnation for the two of them.

===Important Concepts in this Chapter===

====Verses 1 – 3====

Cursing Abu Lahab, the infidel uncle of the Prophet, the futility of his wealth and his end.

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مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ٢

Abu Lahab’s wealth and actions were of no benefit to him, and Allah’s mercy did not embrace him which resulted in his ruin and devastation. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":3" />

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Verse 4: “And his wife (too, shall roast in the flaming fire), the firewood carrier.” <ref name=":3" />

وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ٤

She is introduced as the firewood carrier of the hell-fire. It appears that the Quran wants to convey that Abu Lahab’s wife will soon appear in the same shape on the Day of Judgement that she had adopted in this world. Just like she used to collect thorns and fire-wood, tie them with a rope and then carry them on her shoulders in order to spread these in the darkness of the night in the Prophet’s way to hurt him, she will be raised on the Day of Judgement in a similar state having a rope around her neck and carrying fire-wood on her back.

Verse 5: “With a rope of palm fibre around her neck.” <ref name=":5">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, incomplete</ref>

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حدثنا محمد بن سلام، حدثنا أبو معاویة، حدثنا الأعمش عن عمرو بن مرة عن سعید بن جبیر عن ابن عباس: «أن النبی صلّی اللّه علیه و سلّم خرج إلی البطحاء فصعد الجبل فنادی: «یا صباحاه» فاجتمعت إلیه قریش فقال: «أرأیتم إن حدثتکم أن العدو مصبحکم أو ممسیکم أ کنتم تصدقونی؟- قالوا: نعم، قال:- فإنی نذیر لکم بین یدی عذاب شدید فقال أبو لهب: أ لهذا جمعتنا؟ تبّا لک فأنزل اللّه: تَبَّتْ یدا أَبِی لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ إلی آخرها.»

It has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet of Islam went to the valley of Batha, and after climbing a mountain he called out: ‘Ya Sabahah!’ (‘O Morning!’) (This sentence is uttered by the Arabs when they are the subject of an unexpected attack. In order to mount an effective resistance and inform all of those around them, they would shout ‘O Sabahah!’ which literally means ‘O Morning!’ The word morning was probably chosen to signify that unexpected attacks would usually take place in the early morning.’)

As a result the Quraysh gathered around him. He said: “If I told you all that the enemy was going to attack you in the morning, or in the evening, would you believe me?” They replied in the affirmative.

Upon hearing this the Prophet continued: “Verily, I am a warner (sent) to you all before the coming of a severe torment.” Then Abu Lahab said, “Have you gathered us only for this. May you perish!” (تبّا لک)

Upon hearing this the Prophet continued: “Verily, I am a warner (sent) to you all before the coming of a severe torment.” Then Abu Lahab said, “Have you gathered us only for this. May you perish!” (تبّا لک)

Thus, Allah revealed the verses: “Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!” («تَبَّتْ یدا أَبِی لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ») to the end of this chapter. <ref name=":8">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 485</ref>

Thus, Allah revealed the verses: “Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!” («تَبَّتْ یدا أَبِی لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ») to the end of this chapter. <ref name=":8">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 485</ref>

Abu Lahab’s slander against the Prophet

حدثنا إبراهیم بن أبی العباس، حدثنا عبد الرّحمن بن أبی الزناد عن أبیه قال: «أخبرنی رجل یقال له ربیعة بن عباد من بنی الدیل و کان جاهلیا فأسلم قال: رأیت النبی صلّی اللّه علیه و سلّم فی الجاهلیة فی سوق ذی المجاز و هو یقول: «یا أیها الناس قولوا لا إله إلا اللّه تفلحوا» و الناس مجتمعون علیه و وراءه رجل وضی‌ء الوجه أحول ذو غدیرتین یقول: إنه صابئ کاذب، یتبعه حیث ذهب، فسألت عنه فقالوا هذا عمه أبو لهب.»

It has been narrated to us by Ibrahim ibn Abu al-Abbas who recorded it from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abu al-Zinad who narrated from his father that: “A man called Rabiah ibn Abbad from the tribe of Bani al-Dil, who was a man of pre-Islamic ignorance who accepted Islam, told me, ‘I saw the Prophet in the time of pre-Islamic ignorance in the market of Dhu al-Majaz and he was saying:

‘O people! Say there is no god worthy of worship except Allah and you will be successful.’ The people were gathered around him and behind him there was a man with a bright face, squint eyes and two braids in his hair. He was saying, ‘Verily, he is an apostate (from our religion) and a liar!’ This man was following him (the Prophet) around wherever he went. Thus I asked about him and the people said, ‘This is his uncle, Abu Lahab.’’” <ref name=":9">Ibid., Volume 8, Page 486</ref>

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 This chapter has been revealed about Abu Lahab and his wife. It reprimands them for their enmity towards the Prophet, their refusal to accept his message and Prophethood, and their constant efforts to persecute him. Moreover, this chapter promises eternal damnation for the two of them.
 ===Important Concepts in this Chapter===
 ====Verses 1 – 3====
 Cursing Abu Lahab, the infidel uncle of the Prophet, the futility of his wealth and his end.
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ٢</span>
 Abu Lahab’s wealth and actions were of no benefit to him, and Allah’s mercy did not embrace him which resulted in his ruin and devastation. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":3" />
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 Verse 4: “And his wife (too, shall roast in the flaming fire), the firewood carrier.” <ref name=":3" />
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ٤</span>
 She is introduced as the firewood carrier of the hell-fire. It appears that the Quran wants to convey that Abu Lahab’s wife will soon appear in the same shape on the Day of Judgement that she had adopted in this world. Just like she used to collect thorns and fire-wood, tie them with a rope and then carry them on her shoulders in order to spread these in the darkness of the night in the Prophet’s way to hurt him, she will be raised on the Day of Judgement in a similar state having a rope around her neck and carrying fire-wood on her back.
 Verse 5: “With a rope of palm fibre around her neck.” <ref name=":5">Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, incomplete</ref>
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">حدثنا محمد بن سلام، حدثنا أبو معاویة، حدثنا الأعمش عن عمرو بن مرة عن سعید بن جبیر عن ابن عباس: «أن النبی صلّی اللّه علیه و سلّم خرج إلی البطحاء فصعد الجبل فنادی: «یا صباحاه» فاجتمعت إلیه قریش فقال: «أرأیتم إن حدثتکم أن العدو مصبحکم أو ممسیکم أ کنتم تصدقونی؟- قالوا: نعم، قال:- فإنی نذیر لکم بین یدی عذاب شدید فقال أبو لهب: أ لهذا جمعتنا؟ تبّا لک فأنزل اللّه: تَبَّتْ یدا أَبِی لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ إلی آخرها.» </span>
 It has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet of Islam went to the valley of Batha, and after climbing a mountain he called out: ‘Ya Sabahah!’ (‘O Morning!’) (This sentence is uttered by the Arabs when they are the subject of an unexpected attack. In order to mount an effective resistance and inform all of those around them, they would shout ‘O Sabahah!’ which literally means ‘O Morning!’ The word morning was probably chosen to signify that unexpected attacks would usually take place in the early morning.’)
 As a result the Quraysh gathered around him. He said: “If I told you all that the enemy was going to attack you in the morning, or in the evening, would you believe me?” They replied in the affirmative.
-Upon hearing this the Prophet continued: “Verily, I am a warner (sent) to you all before the coming of a severe torment.” Then Abu Lahab said, “Have you gathered us only for this. May you perish!” (تبّا لک)
+Upon hearing this the Prophet continued: “Verily, I am a warner (sent) to you all before the coming of a severe torment.” Then Abu Lahab said, “Have you gathered us only for this. May you perish!” (<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تبّا لک</span>)
-Thus, Allah revealed the verses: “Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!” («تَبَّتْ یدا أَبِی لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ») to the end of this chapter. <ref name=":8">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 485</ref>
+Thus, Allah revealed the verses: “Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!” (<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">«تَبَّتْ یدا أَبِی لَهَبٍ وَ تَبَّ»</span>) to the end of this chapter. <ref name=":8">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 485</ref>
 Abu Lahab’s slander against the Prophet
 <span lang="ar" dir="rtl" class="block">حدثنا إبراهیم بن أبی العباس، حدثنا عبد الرّحمن بن أبی الزناد عن أبیه قال: «أخبرنی رجل یقال له ربیعة بن عباد من بنی الدیل و کان جاهلیا فأسلم قال: رأیت النبی صلّی اللّه علیه و سلّم فی الجاهلیة فی سوق ذی المجاز و هو یقول: «یا أیها الناس قولوا لا إله إلا اللّه تفلحوا» و الناس مجتمعون علیه و وراءه رجل وضی‌ء الوجه أحول ذو غدیرتین یقول: إنه صابئ کاذب، یتبعه حیث ذهب، فسألت عنه فقالوا هذا عمه أبو لهب.» </span>
 It has been narrated to us by Ibrahim ibn Abu al-Abbas who recorded it from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abu al-Zinad who narrated from his father that: “A man called Rabiah ibn Abbad from the tribe of Bani al-Dil, who was a man of pre-Islamic ignorance who accepted Islam, told me, ‘I saw the Prophet in the time of pre-Islamic ignorance in the market of Dhu al-Majaz and he was saying:
 ‘O people! Say there is no god worthy of worship except Allah and you will be successful.’ The people were gathered around him and behind him there was a man with a bright face, squint eyes and two braids in his hair. He was saying, ‘Verily, he is an apostate (from our religion) and a liar!’ This man was following him (the Prophet) around wherever he went. Thus I asked about him and the people said, ‘This is his uncle, Abu Lahab.’’” <ref name=":9">Ibid., Volume 8, Page 486</ref>
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