Surah Al-Mutaffafin: Difference between revisions
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'''Surah al-Mutaffifeen''' '''(The Defrauders)''' | '''Surah al-Mutaffifeen''' '''(The Defrauders)''' | ||
==Introduction== | |||
===Name of Chapter and Reason for its Name=== | |||
This chapter is called Surah al-Mutaffifeen and the name of this chapter has been taken from the first verse, which refers to the defrauders. The chapter is also called Surah al-Tatfeef. <ref name=":0">Fadhl ibn Hasan Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 289</ref> | |||
===Chapter Number=== | |||
Surah al-Mutaffifeen is the 83<sup>rd</sup> chapter of the Quran, and it was revealed after Surah al-Ankabut. <ref name=":1">Mahmud Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Volume 4, Page 718</ref> | |||
===Number of Verses=== | |||
There is a consensus among the exegetes that this chapter contains 36 verses. <ref name=":2">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 289</ref> <ref name=":3">Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 20, Page 254</ref> | |||
===Place of Revelation=== | |||
There is a difference of opinion among the exegetes whether this chapter was revealed in Mecca or Medina. <ref name=":4">Tabatabai, ''Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 20, Page 254</ref> Some consider it to be a Makki chapter, <ref name=":5">Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir Damishqi, ''Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim'', Volume 8, Page 343</ref> <ref name=":6">Tabrisi, ''Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 10, Page 292</ref> and believe it to be the last chapter to have been revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":7">Zamakhshari, ''Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil'', Volume 4, Page 718</ref> However other scholars, relying on the statements of Hasan, Dhahhak, and Ikrimah, considered it to be a Madani chapter. Ibn Abbas and Qatadah deemed all of its verses to have been revealed in Medina except verse 29 onwards - which they believed were revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":8">Tabrisi, ''Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 1, Page 292</ref> | There is a difference of opinion among the exegetes whether this chapter was revealed in Mecca or Medina. <ref name=":4">Tabatabai, ''Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 20, Page 254</ref> Some consider it to be a Makki chapter, <ref name=":5">Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir Damishqi, ''Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim'', Volume 8, Page 343</ref> <ref name=":6">Tabrisi, ''Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 10, Page 292</ref> and believe it to be the last chapter to have been revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":7">Zamakhshari, ''Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil'', Volume 4, Page 718</ref> However other scholars, relying on the statements of Hasan, Dhahhak, and Ikrimah, considered it to be a Madani chapter. Ibn Abbas and Qatadah deemed all of its verses to have been revealed in Medina except verse 29 onwards - which they believed were revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":8">Tabrisi, ''Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 1, Page 292</ref> | ||
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The verses of this chapter are in line with the style of both Makki and Madani verses. The initial verses which condemn the defrauders resemble those which were usually revealed in Medina, whereas the last few verses resemble those which were revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":9">Tabatabai, ''Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 20, Page 255</ref> | The verses of this chapter are in line with the style of both Makki and Madani verses. The initial verses which condemn the defrauders resemble those which were usually revealed in Medina, whereas the last few verses resemble those which were revealed in Mecca. <ref name=":9">Tabatabai, ''Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran'', Volume 20, Page 255</ref> | ||
=== | ==Content== | ||
===Important Concepts in this Chapter=== | |||
====Verses 1-3==== | |||
Severe condemnation of those who cheat customers. | |||
This chapter begins with a harsh condemnation of those who defraud their customers. <ref name=":9" /> | This chapter begins with a harsh condemnation of those who defraud their customers. <ref name=":9" /> | ||
Verses 4-6 | ====Verses 4-6==== | ||
The reason for their fraudulent acts is given as their lack of faith in the Hereafter.These verses display astonishment at the state of the defrauders and their actions, when they will be raised on the Day of Judgement and all of their actions, no matter how minor, will be accounted for. <ref name=":10">Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil, Volume 4, Page 720</ref> | |||
These verses display astonishment at the state of the defrauders and their actions, when they will be raised on the Day of Judgement and all of their actions, no matter how minor, will be accounted for. <ref name=":10">Zamakhshari, | |||
These verses | ====Verses 7-17==== | ||
Fate of the vicious ones on the Day of Judgement. | |||
These verses discuss the state of the malicious ones on the Day of Judgement and threatens them. It considers the great amount of sins to be the reason for them denying the signs of Allah.<ref name=":11">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Page 347</ref> <ref name=":12">Tabrisi, Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Volume 10, Page 293</ref> | |||
Verses 29-36: A discussion about the disbelievers belittling the believers in this world and its consequence in the Hereafter. | ====Verses 18-28==== | ||
Destiny of the pious ones, and mention about their state in the Hereafter. | |||
These verses begin discussing the state of the pious ones on the Day of Judgement, and mentions the heavenly blessings that they will be provided. <ref name=":13">Ibn Kathir Damishqi, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim, Volume 8, Pages 347-349</ref> | |||
Verses 29-36: A discussion about the disbelievers belittling the believers in this world and its consequence in the Hereafter. | |||
=== | ===Discussions on this Chapter=== | ||
Verse 7: “No indeed! The record of the vicious is indeed in ''Sijjeen''.” | Verse 7: “No indeed! The record of the vicious is indeed in ''Sijjeen''.” | ||
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Others have suggested that the meaning of this verse is connected with the previous verse. Those who have faith, are in a chamber sitting on their couches - looking at the disbelievers being punished. It will be a punishment for acts which they committed on earth, particularly those that involved mocking and laughing at the believers. <ref name=":25" /> | Others have suggested that the meaning of this verse is connected with the previous verse. Those who have faith, are in a chamber sitting on their couches - looking at the disbelievers being punished. It will be a punishment for acts which they committed on earth, particularly those that involved mocking and laughing at the believers. <ref name=":25" /> | ||
=== | ===According to the Sunni Traditions=== | ||
Verse 1: “Woe to the defrauders who use short measures.” | Verse 1: “Woe to the defrauders who use short measures.” | ||
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Maqaatil and Kalbi say that: “This verse was revealed regarding Ali ibn Abi Talib and that is because some Muslims came to the Messenger, and the hypocrites from among them mocked, laughed and winked at each other. Then they returned back to their companions and said: ‘Today we saw the bald-headed one and laughed at him.’ So the verse was revealed before Ali and his companions reached the Messenger.” <ref name=":28" /> <ref name=":25" /> | Maqaatil and Kalbi say that: “This verse was revealed regarding Ali ibn Abi Talib and that is because some Muslims came to the Messenger, and the hypocrites from among them mocked, laughed and winked at each other. Then they returned back to their companions and said: ‘Today we saw the bald-headed one and laughed at him.’ So the verse was revealed before Ali and his companions reached the Messenger.” <ref name=":28" /> <ref name=":25" /> | ||
===According to the Shia Traditions=== | |||
Verse 1: “Woe to the defrauders who use short measures.” | Verse 1: “Woe to the defrauders who use short measures.” | ||